Why does your knees hurt: the reasons for what to do?

Knee pain is a widespread symptom, indicating anxiety in the body - the occurrence of joint disease or simply increased leg load.

It is difficult to find a person who has never experienced pain in the knees at a certain stage of life.The discomfort, clicks or pains of the various intensities of the knee joints occur in adults and children.The older one becomes, the greater the likelihood of various diseases, which are the first sign of knee pain.The reason for this is the age characteristics of the body: slowing down metabolism, abrasion of the cartilage tissue, combining other problems of the muscle bone system, blood vessels, nerves.

Due to the complex anatomical structure, many structures and significant loads, and often due to overload, the knee joints are very vulnerable.Damage to any element of the structure, such as a synovial bag, a motor function of the knee and, accordingly, to the pain syndrome.Ligaments and Menisci are considered to be the most vulnerable, and they are injured in 80-85% of cases.

Anatomical structure of the knee

The knee consists of knee joint, distal end of the femur, with two tumors and jackets, a tibial bone, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, blood vessels, ligaments, patella (knee beggies), joint bags and meniscus.

The knee joint is one of the large joints of the body.The femur is approaching from above.The joint surfaces of the side (outer) and medial (inner) condyles are formulated with the patella and tibia.Meniski, which is connective tissue cartilage, the joints of the joint.Thanks to them, the reasonable distribution of human weight occurs on the Tiger Plateau and the stability of the joint is increased.Fine, double-headed, semi-rear and other muscles synchronize the capsule-sweetheart structures, ensuring the motor activity of the knee joint.

The elements of the knee are connected by many ribbons.There are two cross -shaped ribbons inside the joint - the back and front.Hobby bones are connected to the fiber and tibia with side effects.The Popliteal League is oblique to the back of the knee joint.The main synovial capsule, which does not communicate with the joint, distinguishes it from many joint cavities.Blood supply to the knee elements is carried out by a network of noble blood vessels and nerve fibers are introduced.

Causes of knee pain

There are many causes of pain in the knee joints that can be conditionally divided into multiple groups.

Traumatic injuries to the knee elements:

1. Bitter knee- As a result of the gap of blood vessels, local bleeding occurs in the soft tissue of the joint.Damage to redness, swelling, nerve endings leads to pain and difficulties in movement.
2. A complete or partial ligament torn- A partial violation of the integrity of the inner ligament, which comes from excessive twisting of the lower leg, is diagnosed more often.

The external ligamentum is less frequent than the inner.This is due to a strong inward difference in the lower leg when, for example, turning the foot.Cross -shaped ligaments are inevitably accompanied by hemarthrosis.

The complete fracture of both leagues is often combined with damage to the joint bag and separated the internal meniscus.Such an injury leads to excessive mobility of the knee joint, with severe pain, whose intensity depends on the degree of gap.

1. The knee joint is hemarthrosis - Pour blood into the joint cavity.There is a traumatic and not human nature.Traumatic hemarthrosis is observed with fracture of meniscus, complete or incomplete fractures of the ligaments, intraarticular fractures, bruises of the knee area.The non -human option is a symptom of diseases characterized by an increased abbreviation for blood vessels or violation of blood coagulation system.These include severe forms of hemophilia, scurvy, and haemorrhagic diathesis.The blood accumulated in the joint cavity squeezes the tissue, disrupting blood circulation.A special pigment - hemosiderin - negatively affects ligaments, hyaline cartilage, a synovial bag that leads to loss of elasticity.The lesion of the joint casing is the swelling of the Villi and the increased production of joint fluid.Repeated bleeding is the result of dystrophy and joint destruction.
2. Knee meniscopathy - Violation of the integrity of the knee joint meniscus.In the lateral form, the external meniscus is damaged, medial - internal.This is one of the most common, but it is difficult to diagnose the damage to the knee joint.Not only athletes in intensive training, but also ordinary people in the risk zone of the disease.The rupture of the meniscus can come from a sharp unusual movement when it turns the body, turning its legs to a strong knee.
3. The shift of the knee cup - The pathological displacement of the patella.The trauma is diagnosed with up to 0.7% of total dislocations.There are external dislocation more often, less often - very rarely - vertical or torsion.With deficient dislocation, the knee cup is determined via the side (external) condyle, complete from the side of the side condyle.
4. Closed or open fractures of the knee joint, upper leg or lower spinal bones. Such injuries are often combined with damage to the soft tissues of the knee, causing enormous bleeding, excessive mobility in the knee area, deformation.

Inflammatory and degenerative-given diseases of the joint elements of the knee:

1. Arthritis - Inflammatory damage to the knee joint.A similar mechanism is observed in the development of pathology of osteoarthritis, anchilosis spondilitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout (by depositing the urates into the joints).
2. Osteoarthrosis (gonarthrosis) The defeat of the non -inflammatory knee joint, which affects all its structures and leads to severe degenerative changes.
3. Bursitis With synovial inflammation, Bursa leads to pain when extending bending and knee movement.
4. The knee joint periartritis - Inflammation of the paw's goose capsule, knee tendons, and inflammation of the muscles and ligaments surrounding the joint.In this case, the pain occurs primarily during the stairs, especially with heavy loads and focuses on the inner surface of the knee.
5. The Patella Condropathy -Degenerative-non-heat changes in the cartilage of the patella joint (back).The degree of destruction may differ: from light softening to cracks and full wear.

6. Chondromatosis - Serious chronic disease due to the dysplastic procedure, with degeneration of the engraving of the joint membrane in the cartilage - chondrom.The bone of each cartilage bodies is not excluded.
7. Cyst - The formation of dense, elastic round tumors in the popliteal fossa, which is located on the opposite side of the patella.The cyst is clearly visible when the knee is exposed.It causes discomfort and pain in the popliteal region.It squeezes blood vessels and nerves with significant size, resulting in impaired nerve and circulation.
8. Goff - A disease accompanied by damage and further degeneration of adipose tissue around the knee joint.Other damage to lace, edema and fat cells - adipocytes - ends with replacement with dense fibrous tissues.As a result, the buffer function of the "fat pad" is interrupted and the adipose tissue itself is not able to play the role of the shock absorber.
9. Osgud -swerter -disease - A pathology characterized by the murders of the murderous part of the tibia.Diagnostics for 10-18 years of adolescents.A painful blow appears under the patella, in the absence of treatment, leading to the foot restriction or complete immobilization and muscle hypotrophy.

Diseases in which knee pain is possible:

1. The hip joint is cokesartrosis - Chronic damage to the hip joint, with progressive degeneration and dystrophic changes.Pain often spreads the outer surface of the thigh to or below the knees.
2. Nerve neuropathy - Non -inflammatory damage to the nerve as a result of compression or spasal of blood vessels.This nerve reaches the leg, the lower back and passes through the tail bone and pelvis.At any point in the blockade, it leads to sensitivity or pulsating pain that is damaged at length.
3. Fibromial - Extracentive defeat of non -inflammatory soft tissues with symptoms with a combination of artralgia, muscle weakness, depression, etc.In the form of.

Some systemic diseases lead to knee pain:

1. Osteoporosis - Chronically progressive bone disease, alteration of mineral composition and bone density.From the bones, the washing of calcium leads to their fragility.The process is accompanied by smoke or painful pain in the limbs.
2. Bones tuberculosis- The lesion of tuberculosis of the bone location leads to constant severe pain.
3. Osteomyelitis -The infectious and inflammatory disease that affects all structural elements of the bones.Both specific, such as tuberculosis, both non -specific, more often coccal, osteomyelitis are the result of skin hyperemia, edema, bones and muscles local acute pain, fever temperature.
4. Some infectious diseases- With the Reiter syndrome, the joints are affected by the urogenital tract and the mucosa.One of the manifestations of Lyme linen is arthralgia.

Types of knee pain

Depending on the etiology, the nature and intensity of the pain may be different.

• Sore- Arthritis, osteoarthrosis.
• Acute, strong- with fractures of the knee elements, league breaks, acute impact, knee bruising, aggravation of meniscopathy, deformation of osteoarthrosis.
• Pulsating- Started deforming arthrosis with meniscus injury.
• Drilling- With osteomyelitis.
• Dumb- Funeral, chronic osteochondritis.
• Burning- The sciatic nerve compression of tuberculosis in the bone.
• Burning. When the nerve pack is stuck.
• Hurts while walking- Baker cysts, Bujthrough, arthritis, gonarthrosis, periarthrid.
• The pain alone. Gout, arthritis.

Diagnosis of pathologies that cause knee pain

Physical examination:

• Collection of anamnisis and complaints;
• Visual control with knee adhesion.

Laboratory research:

• Biochemical and clinical blood tests;
• serological blood test;
• Immunological blood test;
• rheumatological tests;
• Bacteriological analysis of synovial fluid.

Invasive instrumental methods:

• arthroscopy;
• Punction of the joint bag;
• Stabbing the biopsy of bones.

Non -invasive instrumental diagnosis:

• Radiography of the knee joint;
• densitometry;
• Ultrasonic joint examination;
• MRI or CT.

Treatment of knee pain

If the occurrence of one or both knees of the non -human nature, you should first contact the therapist who directs a narrow specialist based on the results of the patient's complaints and objective examination - an orthopedic, rheumatologist, a flebologist or neurologist.In the event of any injury, you should contact a surgeon or orthopedic trauma.

In all cases, treatment depends on the cause of the pain, ie the type of injury or illness.Each illness has its own treatment.But first, the patient has to follow a number of general rules:

• Significantly reduce the duration of hiking and stay on the feet during the day;
• Athletes leave training temporarily (before healing) and everyday people run or jump;
• When the pain increases, completely stop the movements, apply a fastening bandage from a flexible bandage to the knee;
• Wear a bandage or bandage to immobilize the knee joint;
• With bruising, cold instead of traumatic effects.

Rheumatoid, psoriatic arthritis, systemic autoimmune diseases require severe integrated treatment, which is performed for many months.Basic therapy is from immunosuppressors, non -steroid anti -inflammatory and hormonal drugs, gold products, etc.

Analgesics and anti -inflammatory drugs are used to treat bursitis.If an infection is detected, the course of antibiotics.The therapeutic puncture of the bag is performed to remove excessive fluid and/or introduce one of the corticosteroids.The operation helps to get rid of the chronic inflammation of the brush - surgical cutting of the synovial bag.

By deforming osteoarthrosis, intraarticular injection of glucocorticosteroids, prolonged intake of NSAIDs and chondroprotectors.To alleviate the pain syndrome, compression with dimexide or bischofit is locally prescribed by ointments and gels with anti -inflammatory effects.Massage, physiotherapy, and therapeutic gymnastics help.Severe injuries to the knee joint require surgical intervention - joint endoprostics.

Treatment of osteoporosis is bisphosphonins, calcitonins, calcium preparations, vitamin D, etc.

Meniscus cracks can be conservative or surgical.Conservative therapy consists of analgesics, NSAIDs, hyaluronic acid, and chondropotectors.But first they make a common relocation.

Types of surgical intervention:

• Meniscectomy;
• partial (incomplete) meniscectomy;
• meniscus transplantation;
• arthroscopy;
• Arthroscopic sewing of meniscus fracture.

Due to any injury to the knee, after treatment, the rehabilitation period, which should be under the control of rehabilitologist or orthopedics, is very important.The doctor will compile an optimal joint recovery program.The main methods of postoperative rehabilitation are massage and therapeutic gymnastics.Special simulators' classes are also effective and gradually develop the knee joint.